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Mdlinx

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Oropouche virus transmission to unborn child confirmed

','\"Oropouche virus transmission to unborn child confirmed\"'),('6117','title','fr','

Confirmation de la transmission verticale du virus Oropouche

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The first confirmed case of vertical transmission of Oropouche virus (OROV) has been reported by 23 researchers from eight distinct institutions in Brazil.

OROV, a zoonotic arbovirus, was first isolated from the blood of a charcoal worker with a high fever in 1955 on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Outbreaks have typically occurred south of the Amazon, isolated within Amazonian villages.

In 2024, OROV infections were detected in previously non-endemic areas across all five Brazilian regions. These expansions into previously unaffected regions involve new virus variants emerging from genetic reassortment.

In a letter to the editor titled \"A Case of Vertical Transmission of Oropouche Virus in Brazil,\" published October 30, 2024, in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers report on a case from Ceará, a state historically free from OROV, finding its first infection case through active laboratory surveillance.

Subsequent investigations identified 171 cases, predominantly in the rural valleys of the Baturité Massif. Agricultural landscapes in this region favor the Culicoides paraensis midge, a small biting fly sometimes referred to as \"no-see-ums\" due to their tiny size. Culicoides is the primary vector for OROV transmission to humans.

A notable case involved a 40-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation who developed fever, chills, muscle aches, and severe headache. Routine prenatal care had previously identified gestational diabetes, managed with metformin, and four routine obstetric ultrasounds.

On July 27, medical evaluation revealed light vaginal bleeding and dark discharge, with ultrasonography indicating fetal macrosomia.

By August 5, continued symptoms and decreased fetal movements led to the confirmation of fetal demise.

Molecular diagnostics confirmed acute OROV infection, ruling out dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and Mayaro viruses. Minimal invasive tissue sampling of the stillborn infant revealed OROV RNA in multiple fetal tissues, establishing vertical transmission.

Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood inference positioned the virus within the OROVBR-2019-2024 lineage, consistent with strains from the ongoing outbreak. These findings link the stillbirth directly to the current OROV spread in Brazil, highlighting the virus\'s potential risks during pregnancy.

The report should sound the alarm for health care providers to consider OROV infection in pregnant women presenting with fever and related symptoms in endemic or emerging regions.

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Le premier cas confirmé de transmission verticale du virus Oropouche (OROV) a été signalé par 23 chercheurs de huit institutions distinctes au Brésil.

L\'OROV, un arbovirus zoonotique, a été isolé pour la première fois en 1955 dans le sang d\'un charbonnier atteint d\'une forte fièvre sur l\'île de Trinidad, dans les Caraïbes. Les épidémies se sont généralement produites au sud de l\'Amazonie, isolées au seins de certains villages.

En 2024, des infections par le virus OROV ont été détectées dans les cinq régions du Brésil, des zones auparavant non endémiques. Ces expansions impliquent de nouvelles variantes du virus émergeant d\'un réassortiment génétique.

Dans une lettre à l\'éditeur publiée le 30 octobre 2024 dans le New England Journal of Medicine, les chercheurs rapportent un cas de Ceará, un État historiquement non endémique, qui a trouvé son premier cas d\'infection grâce à la surveillance active menée en laboratoire.

Des investigations ultérieures ont permis d\'identifier 171 cas, principalement dans les vallées rurales du massif de Baturité. Les paysages agricoles de cette région favorisent la prolifération de Culicoides paraensis, une petite mouche piqueuse parfois appelée \"no-see-ums\" en raison de sa taille minuscule. Il s\'agit du principal vecteur de transmission du virus à l\'homme.

Parmi les cas recensés dans cette région, celui d\'une femme enceinte de 40 ans, à 30 semaines de grossesse, qui a présenté de la fièvre, des frissons, des douleurs musculaires et de violents maux de tête. Les soins prénatals de routine avaient déjà identifié un diabète gestationnel, pris en charge avec de la metformine, et quatre échographies obstétriques de routine avaient été effectuées.

Le 27 juillet, l\'évaluation médicale a révélé des saignements vaginaux légers et des pertes sombres, l\'échographie indiquant une macrosomie fœtale.

Le 5 août, la persistance des symptômes et la diminution des mouvements du fœtus ont conduit à la confirmation de la mort du fœtus.

Le diagnostic moléculaire a confirmé l\'infection aiguë par le virus OROV, excluant les virus de la dengue, du Zika, du chikungunya et du Mayaro. L\'échantillonnage des tissus de l\'enfant mort-né a révélé la présence de l\'ARN du virus OROV dans plusieurs tissus fœtaux, établissant ainsi une transmission verticale.

Une analyse phylogénétique utilisant l\'inférence du maximum de vraisemblance a positionné le virus dans la lignée OROVBR-2019-2024, ce qui est cohérent avec les souches de l\'épidémie en cours. Ces résultats établissent un lien direct entre la mort du foetus et la propagation actuelle du virus OROV au Brésil, soulignant les risques potentiels du virus pendant la grossesse.

Le rapport tire la sonnette d\'alarme et incite les prestataires de soins de santé à envisager une infection par le virus OROV chez les femmes enceintes présentant de la fièvre et des symptômes connexes dans les régions endémiques ou émergentes.

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Ces expansions impliquent de nouvelles variantes du virus \\u00e9mergeant d\'un r\\u00e9assortiment g\\u00e9n\\u00e9tique.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Dans une lettre \\u00e0 l\'\\u00e9diteur \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"http:\\/\\/www.nejm.org\\/doi\\/10.1056\\/NEJMc2412812\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"publi\\u00e9e\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" le 30 octobre 2024 dans le \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"New England Journal of Medicine\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\", les chercheurs rapportent un cas de Cear\\u00e1, un \\u00c9tat historiquement non end\\u00e9mique, qui a trouv\\u00e9 son premier cas d\'infection gr\\u00e2ce \\u00e0 la surveillance active men\\u00e9e en laboratoire.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Des investigations ult\\u00e9rieures ont permis d\'identifier 171 cas, principalement dans les vall\\u00e9es rurales du massif de Baturit\\u00e9. 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Les soins pr\\u00e9natals de routine avaient d\\u00e9j\\u00e0 identifi\\u00e9 un \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/gestational+diabetes\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"diab\\u00e8te gestationnel\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\", pris en charge avec de la metformine, et quatre \\u00e9chographies obst\\u00e9triques de routine avaient \\u00e9t\\u00e9 effectu\\u00e9es.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Le 27 juillet, l\'\\u00e9valuation m\\u00e9dicale a r\\u00e9v\\u00e9l\\u00e9 des saignements \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/vaginal+bleeding\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"vaginaux\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" l\\u00e9gers et des pertes sombres, l\'\\u00e9chographie indiquant une macrosomie f\\u0153tale.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Le 5 ao\\u00fbt, la persistance des sympt\\u00f4mes et la diminution des mouvements du f\\u0153tus ont conduit \\u00e0 la confirmation de la mort du f\\u0153tus.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Le diagnostic mol\\u00e9culaire a confirm\\u00e9 l\'infection aigu\\u00eb par le virus OROV, excluant les virus de la dengue, du Zika, du chikungunya et du Mayaro. L\'\\u00e9chantillonnage des tissus de l\'enfant mort-n\\u00e9 a r\\u00e9v\\u00e9l\\u00e9 la pr\\u00e9sence de l\'ARN du virus OROV dans plusieurs tissus f\\u0153taux, \\u00e9tablissant ainsi une transmission verticale.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Une analyse phylog\\u00e9n\\u00e9tique utilisant l\'inf\\u00e9rence du maximum de vraisemblance a positionn\\u00e9 le virus dans la lign\\u00e9e OROVBR-2019-2024, ce qui est coh\\u00e9rent avec les souches de l\'\\u00e9pid\\u00e9mie en cours. Ces r\\u00e9sultats \\u00e9tablissent un lien direct entre la mort du foetus et la propagation actuelle du virus OROV au Br\\u00e9sil, soulignant les risques potentiels du virus pendant la grossesse.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Le rapport tire la sonnette d\'alarme et incite les prestataires de soins de sant\\u00e9 \\u00e0 envisager une infection par le virus OROV chez les \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/pregnant+women\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"femmes enceintes\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" pr\\u00e9sentant de la fi\\u00e8vre et des sympt\\u00f4mes connexes dans les r\\u00e9gions end\\u00e9miques ou \\u00e9mergentes.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}');
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Mdlinx

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Experimental oxytocin-based drug offers new hope for gut disorders

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L\'ocytocine offre un nouvel espoir pour les troubles intestinaux

','\"L\'ocytocine offre un nouvel espoir pour les troubles intestinaux\"'),('6118','content','en','

University of Queensland researchers have developed a new class of oral painkillers to suppress chronic abdominal pain that is based on the peptide hormone oxytocin that drives childbirth contractions.

Associate Professor Markus Muttenthaler from UQ\'s Institute for Molecular Bioscience led a team that has changed the chemical structure of oxytocin to make it gut-stable after earlier work revealed the hormone could treat abdominal pain. The findings are published in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.

Dr. Muttenthaler said there was an urgent need for new treatments for the chronic pain caused by gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel diseases (IBD).

\"This pain affects up to 15% of adults in their lifetime, and all we have are anti-inflammatories and opioids which can cause side effects and addiction,\" Dr. Muttenthaler said.

\"Our research focuses on peptides that are highly potent and selective molecules and have few side effects. However, nearly all peptide drugs must be injected as they are rapidly digested in the gut.

\"We have now developed a way of making peptides gut-stable so they can be given orally. This is a new and highly promising approach to treating gut disorders.\"

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced in the brain which is known as the \"bonding hormone\" or the \"love molecule\" due to its effects on relationship building, empathy and trust.

Oxytocin is also the key hormone that induces uterine contractions during labor and facilitates milk release during breastfeeding.

\"We identified the parts of oxytocin that are rapidly broken down by gut enzymes and used medicinal chemistry to render them gut-stable while ensuring that the new molecule was still able to activate the oxytocin receptor,\" Dr. Muttenthaler said.

\"We now have a new class of molecules that are potently active but do not degrade in the stomach or intestine, meaning they can be taken orally.\"

The research indicates that the new molecules work in the colon and do not need to cross the gut barrier into the bloodstream to suppress abdominal pain.

\"This is a very safe therapeutic approach as it reduces the risk of side effects in the rest of the body, a problem with many other systemic drugs,\" Dr. Muttenthaler said. \"This is an exciting new mode of action to prevent pain.

\"We are currently looking for investors to accelerate pre-clinical studies, with the goal of taking it into the clinic.

\"Now that we have perfected making peptides stable, we are looking at other gut drugs to improve treatment options for gastrointestinal disorders, an unmet medical need.\"

','{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"University of Queensland researchers have developed a new class of oral painkillers to suppress chronic abdominal pain that is based on the peptide hormone oxytocin that drives childbirth contractions.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Associate Professor Markus Muttenthaler from UQ\'s Institute for Molecular Bioscience led a team that has changed the chemical structure of oxytocin to make it gut-stable after earlier work revealed the hormone could treat abdominal pain. 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This is a new and highly promising approach to treating gut disorders.\\\"\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced in the brain which is known as the \\\"bonding hormone\\\" or the \\\"love molecule\\\" due to its effects on relationship building, empathy and trust.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Oxytocin is also the key hormone that induces uterine contractions during labor and facilitates milk release during breastfeeding.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"We identified the parts of oxytocin that are rapidly broken down by gut enzymes and used \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/medicinal+chemistry\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"medicinal chemistry\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" to render them gut-stable while ensuring that the \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/new+molecule\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"new molecule\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" was still able to activate the oxytocin receptor,\\\" Dr. Muttenthaler said.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"We now have a new class of molecules that are potently active but do not degrade in the stomach or intestine, meaning they can be taken orally.\\\"\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"The \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/research\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"research\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" indicates that the new molecules work in the colon and do not need to cross the gut barrier into the bloodstream to suppress abdominal pain.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"This is a very safe therapeutic approach as it reduces the risk of \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/side+effects\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"side effects\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" in the rest of the body, a problem with many other systemic drugs,\\\" Dr. Muttenthaler said. \\\"This is an exciting new mode of action to prevent pain.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"We are currently looking for investors to accelerate pre-clinical studies, with the goal of taking it into the clinic.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"Now that we have perfected making peptides stable, we are looking at other gut drugs to improve \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/treatment+options\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"treatment options\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" for gastrointestinal disorders, an unmet medical need.\\\"\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}'),('6118','content','fr','

Des chercheurs de l\'Université du Queensland ont mis au point une nouvelle classe d\'analgésiques oraux pour supprimer les douleurs abdominales chroniques, basée sur l\'hormone peptidique ocytocine qui provoque les contractions de l\'accouchement.

Le professeur associé Markus Muttenthaler, de l\'Institute for Molecular Bioscience de l\'UQ, a dirigé une équipe qui a modifié la structure chimique de l\'ocytocine pour la rendre stable dans l\'intestin, après que des travaux antérieurs eurent révélé que l\'hormone pouvait traiter les douleurs abdominales. Les résultats sont publiés dans la revue Angewandte Chemie International Edition.

Le Dr Muttenthaler expose qu\'il y a un besoin urgent de nouveaux traitements pour les douleurs chroniques causées par les troubles gastro-intestinaux tels que le syndrome du côlon irritable (SCI) et les maladies du côlon irritable (MCI).

\"Ces douleurs touchent jusqu\'à 15 % des adultes au cours de leur vie, et nous ne disposons que d\'anti-inflammatoires et d\'opioïdes qui peuvent entraîner des effets secondaires et une dépendance\", déclare -t-il.

\"Notre recherche se concentre sur les peptides qui sont des molécules très puissantes et sélectives et qui ont peu d\'effets secondaires. Cependant, presque tous les médicaments à base de peptides doivent être injectés car ils sont rapidement digérés dans l\'intestin. Nous avons maintenant mis au point un moyen de rendre les peptides stables dans l\'intestin afin qu\'ils puissent être administrés par voie orale. Il s\'agit d\'une nouvelle approche très prometteuse pour le traitement des troubles intestinaux\".

L\'ocytocine est une hormone peptidique produite dans le cerveau, connue sous le nom d\'\"hormone du lien\" ou de \"de l\'amour\" en raison de ses effets sur l\'établissement de relations, l\'empathie et la confiance. C\'est également une hormone clé induisant les contractions utérines pendant le travail et facilitant la libération du lait pendant l\'allaitement.

\"Nous avons identifié les parties de l\'ocytocine qui sont rapidement dégradées par les enzymes intestinales et nous avons utilisé la chimie pour les rendre stables dans l\'intestin tout en veillant à ce que la nouvelle molécule soit toujours capable d\'activer le récepteur de l\'ocytocine. Nous disposons désormais d\'une nouvelle classe de molécules qui sont puissamment actives mais qui ne se dégradent pas dans l\'estomac ou l\'intestin, ce qui signifie qu\'elles peuvent être prises par voie orale\", explique le Dr Muttenthaler.

La recherche indique que les nouvelles molécules agissent dans le côlon et n\'ont pas besoin de traverser la barrière intestinale pour passer dans la circulation sanguine afin de supprimer les douleurs abdominales.

\"Il s\'agit d\'une approche thérapeutique sûre, car elle réduit le risque d\'effets secondaires dans le reste de l\'organisme, un problème que posent de nombreux autres médicaments systémiques. Il s\'agit d\'un nouveau mode d\'action passionnant pour prévenir la douleur. Nous sommes actuellement à la recherche d\'investisseurs pour accélérer les études précliniques, dans le but de passer à la phase clinique\", déclare le Dr Muttenthaler.

L\'équipe envisagent à présent d\'autres médicaments pour l\'intestin afin d\'améliorer les options de traitement des troubles gastro-intestinaux, un besoin médical non satisfait.

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Cependant, presque tous les m\\u00e9dicaments \\u00e0 base de peptides doivent \\u00eatre inject\\u00e9s car ils sont rapidement dig\\u00e9r\\u00e9s dans l\'intestin. Nous avons maintenant mis au point un moyen de rendre les peptides stables dans l\'intestin afin qu\'ils puissent \\u00eatre administr\\u00e9s par voie orale. Il s\'agit d\'une nouvelle approche tr\\u00e8s prometteuse pour le traitement des troubles intestinaux\\\".\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"L\'ocytocine est une hormone peptidique produite dans le cerveau, connue sous le nom d\'\\\"hormone du lien\\\" ou de \\\"de l\'amour\\\" en raison de ses effets sur l\'\\u00e9tablissement de relations, l\'empathie et la confiance. 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Nous disposons d\\u00e9sormais d\'une nouvelle classe de mol\\u00e9cules qui sont puissamment actives mais qui ne se d\\u00e9gradent pas dans l\'estomac ou l\'intestin, ce qui signifie qu\'elles peuvent \\u00eatre prises par voie orale\\\", explique le Dr Muttenthaler.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"La \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/research\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"recherche\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" indique que les nouvelles mol\\u00e9cules agissent dans le c\\u00f4lon et n\'ont pas besoin de traverser la barri\\u00e8re intestinale pour passer dans la circulation sanguine afin de supprimer les douleurs abdominales.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"Il s\'agit d\'une approche th\\u00e9rapeutique s\\u00fbre, car elle r\\u00e9duit le risque d\'\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/side+effects\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"effets secondaires\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" dans le reste de l\'organisme, un probl\\u00e8me que posent de nombreux autres m\\u00e9dicaments syst\\u00e9miques. Il s\'agit d\'un nouveau mode d\'action passionnant pour pr\\u00e9venir la douleur. Nous sommes actuellement \\u00e0 la recherche d\'investisseurs pour acc\\u00e9l\\u00e9rer les \\u00e9tudes pr\\u00e9cliniques, dans le but de passer \\u00e0 la phase clinique\\\", d\\u00e9clare le Dr Muttenthaler.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"L\'\\u00e9quipe envisagent \\u00e0 pr\\u00e9sent d\'autres m\\u00e9dicaments pour l\'intestin afin d\'am\\u00e9liorer les \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/treatment+options\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"options de traitement\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" des troubles gastro-intestinaux, un besoin m\\u00e9dical non satisfait.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}');
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Mdlinx

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T-cell dysfunction increases cancer risk in obese populations, researchers say

','\"T-cell dysfunction increases cancer risk in obese populations, researchers say\"'),('6119','title','fr','

Une étude montre que le dysfonctionnement des lymphocytes T augmente le risque de cancer dans les populations obèses

','\"Une \\u00e9tude montre que le dysfonctionnement des lymphocytes T augmente le risque de cancer dans les populations ob\\u00e8ses\"'),('6119','content','en','

Researchers at Saint Louis University\'s School of Medicine say T-cell dysfunction is leading to an increased risk of cancer in obese populations.

T cells are white blood cells called lymphocytes essential to your immune system in the fight against infections and cancer. Ryan Teague, Ph.D., professor of molecular microbiology and immunology at SLU, and his team are exploring why obesity impacts T-cell dysfunction and compromises immune surveillance, or the body\'s ability to survey malignant cells and clear them before they become tumors.

The study, which was led by Teague and co-authored by Alex Piening, an M.D./Ph.D. graduate student at SLU, was recently published in Nature Communications, found that T-cell dysfunction linked to obesity prevented T cells from detecting tumor cells, placing obese mice at higher risk of developing tumors when exposed to a carcinogen. Teague and his team are now trying to uncover the exact mechanism underlying the metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity that directly impact T-cell function.

Ongoing projects in Teague\'s lab at SLU are designed to identify barriers to successful cancer immunotherapy and develop strategies to overcome these barriers for improved patient outcomes. Teague and his team investigate how obesity impacts the efficacy of immunotherapies.

\"Immunotherapy boosts a patient\'s immune system by targeting T cells and reinvigorating them. Paradoxically, immunotherapy is often more successful in patients with obesity, where the immune system isn\'t functioning quite as well,\" Teague said.

\"Our research explains this paradox by showing that in the setting of obesity, developing tumors are only required to escape a weakened immune system. Such outgrown tumors are not well adapted to evade the reinvigorated T cells elicited during immunotherapy, and thus, are more easily destroyed.\"

Teague said single-cell RNA sequencing played a critical role in the study\'s findings, which allowed scientists to learn what\'s happening inside individual immune cells within tumors.

\"We learned that the dysfunction in these T cells lies in their inability to kill tumors. Those genes were not being turned on. It also lies in their inability to acquire the metabolic functions needed to sustain anti-tumor activity,\" Teague said.

Thanks to SLU\'s investment in single-cell RNA sequencing technology, the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology has leveraged this new approach to advance its work studying cancer and the immune system, bringing us closer to new cures.

','{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Researchers at Saint Louis University\'s School of Medicine say T-cell dysfunction is leading to an increased risk of cancer in obese populations.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"T cells are \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/white+blood+cells\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"white blood cells\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" called lymphocytes essential to your \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/immune+system\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"immune system\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" in the fight against infections and cancer. 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Selon des chercheurs de la faculté de médecine de l\'université de Saint Louis, le dysfonctionnement des lymphocytes T entraînerait un risque accru de cancer dans les populations obèses.

Les lymphocytes T sont essentiels au système immunitaire dans la lutte contre les infections et le cancer. Ryan Teague, professeur de microbiologie moléculaire et d\'immunologie à la SLU, et son équipe étudient les raisons pour lesquelles l \'obésité a un impact sur le dysfonctionnement des lymphocytes T et compromet la surveillance immunitaire, c\'est-à-dire la capacité de l\'organisme à détecter les cellules malignes et à les éliminer avant qu\'elles ne se transforment en tumeurs.

Les projets en cours dans le laboratoire du Pr Teague à SLU visent à identifier les obstacles à la réussite de l\'immunothérapie du cancer et à développer des stratégies pour surmonter ces obstacles afin d\'améliorer les résultats pour les patients. Avec son équipe, ils étudient l\'impact de l\'obésité sur l\'efficacité des immunothérapies. Cette dernière étude, dirigée par le Pr Teague et cosignée par Alex Piening, étudiant diplômé en médecine et en doctorat à SLU, a été publiée récemment dans la revue Nature Communications.

Elle a montré que le dysfonctionnement des cellules T lié à l\'obésité empêchait les cellules T de détecter les cellules tumorales, ce qui exposait les souris obèses à un risque plus élevé de développer des tumeurs lorsqu\'elles étaient exposées à un agent cancérigène. Teague et son équipe tentent à présent de découvrir le mécanisme exact qui sous-tend les dysfonctionnements métaboliques associés à l\'obésité et qui ont un impact direct sur la fonction des cellules T.

\"L\'immunothérapie renforce le système immunitaire du patient en ciblant les cellules T et en les revigorant. Paradoxalement, l\'immunothérapie est souvent plus efficace chez les patients souffrant d\'obésité, dont le système immunitaire ne fonctionne pas aussi bien. Notre recherche explique ce paradoxe en montrant que dans le contexte de l\'obésité, les tumeurs en développement ne sont nécessaires que pour échapper à un système immunitaire affaibli. Ces tumeurs ne sont pas bien adaptées pour échapper aux cellules T revigorées par l\'immunothérapie, et sont donc plus facilement détruites\", explique le Pr Teague.

Il explique par ailleurs que le séquençage de l\'ARN d\'une seule cellule joue un rôle essentiel dans les résultats de l\'étude, et permet aux chercheurs d\'apprendre ce qui se passe à l\'intérieur des cellules immunitaires individuelles dans les tumeurs.

\"Nous avons appris que le dysfonctionnement de ces cellules T réside dans leur incapacité à tuer les tumeurs. Ces gènes n\'étaient pas activés. Il réside également dans leur incapacité à acquérir les fonctions métaboliques nécessaires au maintien de l\'activité antitumorale\", rapporte le Pr Teague.

Grâce à l\'investissement de SLU dans la technologie de séquençage de l\'ARN unicellulaire, le département de microbiologie moléculaire et d\'immunologie a tiré parti de cette nouvelle approche pour faire progresser ses travaux sur le cancer et le système immunitaire, afin de proposer de nouveaux traitements.

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Ryan Teague, professeur de microbiologie mol\\u00e9culaire et d\'immunologie \\u00e0 la SLU, et son \\u00e9quipe \\u00e9tudient les raisons pour lesquelles l \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/obesity\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" a un impact sur le dysfonctionnement des lymphocytes T et compromet la surveillance immunitaire, c\'est-\\u00e0-dire la capacit\\u00e9 de l\'organisme \\u00e0 d\\u00e9tecter les \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/malignant+cells\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"cellules malignes\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" et \\u00e0 les \\u00e9liminer avant qu\'elles ne se transforment en tumeurs.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Les projets en cours dans le laboratoire du Pr Teague \\u00e0 SLU visent \\u00e0 identifier les obstacles \\u00e0 la r\\u00e9ussite de l\'immunoth\\u00e9rapie du cancer et \\u00e0 d\\u00e9velopper des strat\\u00e9gies pour surmonter ces obstacles afin d\'am\\u00e9liorer les r\\u00e9sultats pour les patients. Avec son \\u00e9quipe, ils \\u00e9tudient l\'impact de l\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9 sur l\'efficacit\\u00e9 des immunoth\\u00e9rapies. Cette derni\\u00e8re \\u00e9tude, dirig\\u00e9e par le Pr Teague et cosign\\u00e9e par Alex Piening, \\u00e9tudiant dipl\\u00f4m\\u00e9 en m\\u00e9decine et en doctorat \\u00e0 SLU, a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 publi\\u00e9e r\\u00e9cemment dans la revue \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/www.nature.com\\/articles\\/s41467-024-47359-5\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Nature Communications\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\". \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Elle a montr\\u00e9 que le dysfonctionnement des cellules T li\\u00e9 \\u00e0 l\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9 emp\\u00eachait les cellules T de d\\u00e9tecter les \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https:\\/\\/medicalxpress.com\\/tags\\/tumor+cells\\/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"cellules tumorales\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\", ce qui exposait les souris ob\\u00e8ses \\u00e0 un risque plus \\u00e9lev\\u00e9 de d\\u00e9velopper des tumeurs lorsqu\'elles \\u00e9taient expos\\u00e9es \\u00e0 un agent canc\\u00e9rig\\u00e8ne. Teague et son \\u00e9quipe tentent \\u00e0 pr\\u00e9sent de d\\u00e9couvrir le m\\u00e9canisme exact qui sous-tend les dysfonctionnements m\\u00e9taboliques associ\\u00e9s \\u00e0 l\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9 et qui ont un impact direct sur la fonction des cellules T.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"L\'immunoth\\u00e9rapie renforce le syst\\u00e8me immunitaire du patient en ciblant les cellules T et en les revigorant. Paradoxalement, l\'immunoth\\u00e9rapie est souvent plus efficace chez les patients souffrant d\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9, dont le syst\\u00e8me immunitaire ne fonctionne pas aussi bien. Notre recherche explique ce paradoxe en montrant que dans le contexte de l\'ob\\u00e9sit\\u00e9, les tumeurs en d\\u00e9veloppement ne sont n\\u00e9cessaires que pour \\u00e9chapper \\u00e0 un syst\\u00e8me immunitaire affaibli. Ces tumeurs ne sont pas bien adapt\\u00e9es pour \\u00e9chapper aux cellules T revigor\\u00e9es par l\'immunoth\\u00e9rapie, et sont donc plus facilement d\\u00e9truites\\\", explique le Pr Teague.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Il explique par ailleurs que le s\\u00e9quen\\u00e7age de l\'ARN d\'une seule cellule joue un r\\u00f4le essentiel dans les r\\u00e9sultats de l\'\\u00e9tude, et permet aux chercheurs d\'apprendre ce qui se passe \\u00e0 l\'int\\u00e9rieur des cellules immunitaires individuelles dans les tumeurs.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\\\"Nous avons appris que le dysfonctionnement de ces cellules T r\\u00e9side dans leur incapacit\\u00e9 \\u00e0 tuer les tumeurs. Ces g\\u00e8nes n\'\\u00e9taient pas activ\\u00e9s. Il r\\u00e9side \\u00e9galement dans leur incapacit\\u00e9 \\u00e0 acqu\\u00e9rir les fonctions m\\u00e9taboliques n\\u00e9cessaires au maintien de l\'activit\\u00e9 antitumorale\\\", rapporte le Pr Teague.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":[],\"content\":[{\"data\":[],\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Gr\\u00e2ce \\u00e0 l\'investissement de SLU dans la technologie de s\\u00e9quen\\u00e7age de l\'ARN unicellulaire, le d\\u00e9partement de microbiologie mol\\u00e9culaire et d\'immunologie a tir\\u00e9 parti de cette nouvelle approche pour faire progresser ses travaux sur le cancer et le syst\\u00e8me immunitaire, afin de proposer de nouveaux traitements.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}');
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